How to calculate annual energy output of a photovoltaic solar installation?

Here you will learn how to calculate the annual energy output of a photovoltaic solar installation. r is the yield of the solar panel given by the ratio : electrical power (in kWp) of one solar panel divided by the area of one panel. Example : the solar panel yield of a PV module of 250 Wp with an area of 1.6 m2 is 15.6%.

What is the nominal power of a photovoltaic panel?

Be aware that this nominal ratio is given for standard test conditions (STC) : radiation=1000 W/m2, cell temperature=25 celcius degree, Wind speed=1 m/s, AM=1.5. The unit of the nominal power of the photovoltaic panel in these conditions is called "Watt-peak" (Wp or kWp=1000 Wp or MWp=1000000 Wp).

Why do some solar panels have a high power output rating?

Some panels' high power output rating is due to their larger physical size rather than high efficiency. If two solar panels have 20% efficiency ratings, but one has a power output rating of 350 watts and the other is rated at 400 watts, all that means is that the 400-watt panel is about 14% larger than the 350-watt panel.

How to simulate the energy production of a PV system?

Of course in order to simulate the energy production of a PV system with a better accuracy and to get monthly, hourly or instantaneous electric values, you have to use tools and softwares listed here: PV Softwares and calculators.

What is the importance of PR in a photovoltaic installation?

PR : PR (Performance Ratio) is a very important value to evaluate the quality of a photovoltaic installation because it gives the performance of the installation independently of the orientation, inclination of the panel. It includes all losses. - Other Losses (?)