Which energy storage components are used in integrated solar cell systems?

Moreover, the energy storage components are not limited to SC and LIB, and other exciting types of energy storage devices, such as sodium-ion batteries, zinc–air batteries, etc., are heavily researched in the integrated solar cell systems . 3.2. LIB and NG integrated devices

What are self-powered integrated devices?

Many self-powered integrated devices capture only limited energy in the environment, therefore, it is essential to develop an integrated device that can simultaneously utilize multi-forms of energy within the environment, such as solar energy and mechanical energy.

What are the new-generation integrated energy harvesting and storage devices?

Summary and future outlook In summary, we have reviewed the recent advances in the new-generation integrated energy harvesting and storage devices. Eight types of integrated devices, such as LIB&SC, LIB&NG, BFC&NG, PD&BFC, SC&PD, SC&solar cells, NG&SC&solar cell, and LIB&solar cells, have been highlighted.

What is the peak output power of an integrated device?

The average peak output power of the integrated device is equal to the sum of two separated devices. The biofuel energy and mechanical energy are harvested by the BFC and NG, separately. In order to form a compact structure, these two cells can be conceptually integrated back-to-back (Fig. 5 d).

Can simulated indoor light power low-consumption electronic devices with low duty cycles?

Under simulated indoor light, the system yields a total energy conversion and storage efficiency (ECSE) of 2.9%. Those energy and power levels would be sufficient to power low-consumption electronic devices with low duty cycles. 3.6.3. SC and QDSC integrated devices

Which energy storage devices are suitable for energy storage?

A large number of energy storage devices, such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) [, , ], lithium-sulfur batteries [, , ], and supercapacitors (SCs) [, , ], can be the appropriate candidates.